ÿþ<HTML> <HEAD> <link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="cssClass.css"> <TITLE>Visual C# EM;=89 v=4MA (.0=1>;4)</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <A NAME="CSharp"></A> <P>&nbsp;</P> <script language="JavaScript"> if (top.frames.length==0) { document.write(' <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">'); document.write(' <tr><th width="33%"><p align="left"><a href="http://www.asuult.net/gganbold">VS.NET-89= B0;00@ 4M;3M@M=3v9</a></p></th>'); document.write(' <th width="33%"><h1 align=center>Visual C# EM;=89 v=4MA</h1></th>'); document.write(' <th width="34%" ><p align="right">.0=1>;4 /2002.12.01/ </p></th> </tr>'); document.write('</table>'); } else { document.write('<h1 align=center>Visual C# EM;=89 v=4MA</h1>'); } </script> <P>&nbsp;</P> <i> <UL TYPE=circle> <LI><a href="#Comment">"09;10@</a></LI> <LI><a href="#DataType">3T34;89= BT@T;</a></LI> <LI><a href="#Variable">%C2LA03G vvA3ME</a></LI> <LI><a href="#Arifmetic">@8D<5B8: v9;4;vv4</a></LI> <LI><a href="#Convert">3T34;89= BT@;893 TT@G;TE</a></LI> <LI><a href="#Enumaration">Enumaration 1vBMME</a></LI> <LI><a href="#ControlStatement">#48@40E <M4M34;vv4</a></LI> </UL> </i> <P>&nbsp;</P> "0 H8=MM@ ?@>65:B EM@EM= vvA3ME, Visual Studio IDE-3 EM@EM= EM@M3;ME B0;00@ <M4ME893 EvA2M; <a href="VSNET.html#IDE">M=4 40@=0 CC</a>. <A NAME="Comment"></A> <P>&nbsp;</P> <h3>Comment (B09;10@)</h3><p> <OL type="a"> <LI>%M@M2 XML B03 EM@M3;M34M6 109300 1>; <T@89= T<=T /// (3 H8@EM3) BM<4M3B893 B028E04 BM@ <T@ B09;10@ 1>;=>.</LI> <LI>T@89= MEM=4 // (2 H8@EM3) B028E04 BM@ <T@ BM@ G83MM@MM B09;10@ 1>;=>. <Pre syntax> // -=M <T@ :>4K3 B09;10@ 3M6 v7M= ><?;O@ M=M <T@893 0;30A=0 :) </Pre> </LI> <LI> T= =M3MMA >;>= <T@BM9 B09;10@ 18G8E H00@4;030B09 1>;1>; /* */ BM<4M3B893 EM@M3;M=M. 8HMM =L: <Pre syntax> /* "09;10@ M=4MMA ME;MM4 40@00389= <T@T=4 H8;6MM4 M=4 4CCA;00. */ </Pre> </LI> </OL> <A NAME="DataType"></A> <P>&nbsp;</P> <h3>3T34;89= BT@T;</h3> <p> 0@00E T3T34;89= BT@;vv4 Visual C# EM;M=4 109403. <table border="0" width="500"> <tr><th> 3T34;89= BT@T; </th><th>%M<6MM(byte)</th><th>%O7300@</th> </tr> <tr><td> Byte </td><td>1</td><td>0 >> 255 </td> </tr> <tr><td>Sbyte </td><td>1 </td><td>-128 >> 127 </td> </tr> <tr><td>Bool </td><td>1 </td><td>True, false( v=M=, EC40;)</td> </tr> <tr><td>Short </td><td>2 </td><td> -32768 >> 32767</td> </tr> <tr><td>Ushort </td><td>2 </td><td> 0 >> 65535</td> </tr> <tr><td>Char </td><td>2 </td><td> Unicode BM<4M3B</td> </tr> <tr><td>0nt </td><td>4 </td><td> -214748364 >> 14748363</td> </tr> <tr><td>Uint </td><td>4 </td><td> 0 >> 4294967295</td> </tr> <tr><td>Float </td><td>4 </td><td> -=389= 1CB0@E09 </td> </tr> <tr><td>Double </td><td>8 </td><td> 02E0@ 1CB0@E09</td> </tr> <tr><td>Decimal </td><td>8 </td><td> @02BK= 1CB0@E09</td> </tr> <tr><td>Long </td><td>8 </td><td> +/- 9223372036854775808</td> </tr> <tr><td>Ulong </td><td>8 </td><td> 0 >> 0xffffffffffffffff ( 16f )</td> </tr> </table> <br> <A NAME="Variable"></A> <P>&nbsp;</P> <h3>%C2LA03G vvA3ME</h3> <p> /<0@ =M3M= EC2LA03G 70@;0E400 ME;MM4 BM@ EC2LA03G O<0@ BT@T;BM9 109EK3 7006 T3=T. 8HMM =L 184 =0@ 1vEM; B>>= EC2LA03G B0=8C;0E 3M6 1C9 1>; 40@00E EM;1M@MM@ 18G=M. <Pre syntax> int btoo; </Pre> MM@E <T@T=4 184=89 B0=8C;A0=00@ btoo 3M4M3 =M@BM9 1vEM; B>> 02G 1>;>E =M3M= EC2LA03GK3 70@;06 109=0 3MAM= v3. 0@;0E400 184 CB30 T3G 1>;=>. <Pre syntax> int btoo = 15 ; </Pre> TT@TT@ EM;1M; btoo <00=L 1vEM; B>> 020E EC2LA03G 1T3TT4 0=E=K CB30 =L 15 3MAM= v3. M3MMA >;>= 868; BT@;89= EC2LA03G 70@;06 1>;=>. <Pre syntax> int atoo, btoo; </Pre> atoo, btoo  3 70@;06 109300 10 E>QC;00 048; H8=6 G0=0@B09 EC2LA03G. <br> <A NAME="Arifmetic"></A> <P>&nbsp;</P> <h3>@8D<5B8: v9;4M; 1>;>= 1vBMFvv4</h3> <P> >>@E v9;4M; 1>;>= BM3H8B3M;vv4 C#-4 EM@M3;M344M3. <OL> <LI>= = - BM=Fvv BM<4M3.</LI> <LI>! = - BM=Fvv 18H</LI> <LI>> - 8E</LI> <LI>< - 1030</LI> <LI>>= - 8E 1CNC BM=Fvv</LI> <LI><= - 1030 1CNC BM=Fvv</LI> <LI>&&, &, AND - 10 (Logic)</LI> <LI>||, |, OR - 1CNC (Logic)</LI> <LI>+ - =M<ME</LI> <LI>- - E0A0E</LI> <LI>* - v@68E</LI> <LI>/ - EC200E</LI> <LI>++ - =M3MM@ =M<ME <p> 8HMM: <Pre syntax> x=15; x++; // >4>> x-89= CB30 16 1>;A>= </Pre></LI> <LI>-- - =M3MM@ 1030A0E</LI> <LI>+= - 00@ =M<ME</LI> <LI>-= - 893 E0A0E</LI> <LI>*= - 00@ v@68E</LI> <LI>/= - 4 EC200E</LI> <LI>% - v;4M34M; 020E.</LI> </OL> 8HMM: <Pre syntax> x=15; x+=5; // >4>> x-89= CB30 20 1>;A>= 3MAM= v3 x*=2; // >4>> x-89= CB30 40 1>;A>= 3MAM= v3 x/=10; // >4>> x-89= CB30 4 1>;A>= 3MAM= v3 x==4 ? x++ : x-- ; // MM@E v9;4M; NC 3MAM= v3 2M 3MEMM@. %M@M2 x <00=L 4-BM9 BM=Fvv 1>; x-893 =M3MM@ =M< v3v9 1>; x-MMA =M3893 E0A 3MAM= v3 N<. </Pre> <A NAME="Convert"></A> <P>&nbsp;</P> <h3>3T34;89= BT@;893 TT@G;TE 10 H8=MG;ME (Casting, conversion)</h3> <P> T3T34;89= BT@;893 TT@G8;=T 3M4M3 <00=L =M3 BT@;TTA TT@ =M3M= BT@T; @vv H8;6vv;ME 3MAM= v3. 8HMM =L =M3M= 68=EM=M M=389= 1CB0@E09 B>>3 1CB0@E09=00A A0;306 1vEM; B>> @CC H8;6vv;ME, MA2M; MA@M3 v9;4;893 E89E. <Pre syntax> long atoo = 3.2 , btoo=2.9 ; int ctoo; ctoo = (int) (atoo + btoo); </Pre> =3MEM4 <0=09 ctoo-=K CB30 =L 6 1>;>E N<. #C; =L (atoo + ctoo)-=K v@ 4v= =L 6,1 1>;>E QAB>9. M2G (int) 3MAM= BM<4M3MM@ 18 M=M v@ 4v=389= 1vEM; EMA3893 =L 02G ctoo-=4 T3G 109=0. vv=893 ?@>3@0<<G;0;K= EM;;M3B  casting 3M4M3. %M@M2 4MM@E B>E8>;4>;4 (int) 3MAM= EMAM3 109E3v9 109A0= 1>; T3T34;89= BT@;vv4 O;300B09 109=0 3MAM= 0;400=K <M4M34M; T3TE 109A0=. "0 System.Convert namespace-MMA E0@30;70E ET@2vv;M;B89= DC=:Fvv4893 EM@M3;MM@M9. 8HMM =L: <Pre syntax> bool System.Convert.ToBoolean(value ) ; //value-89= BT@;893 bool BT@T; @vv ET@2vv;=M char System.Convert.ToChar(value); //value-89= BT@;893 char BT@T; @vv ET@2vv;=M string System.Convert.ToString(value [, provider]); //value-89= BT@;893 string BT@T; @vv ET@2vv;=M </Pre> <A NAME="Enumaration"></A> <P>&nbsp;</P> <h3>Enumaration 1vBMME =L (T<=T B0=8C;A0= CB30B09 EC2LA03G84)</h3> <P> Enumaration 3M4M3 <00=L B>>;>E>4, BM<4M3;MEM4 EMFvv 7v9;vv4893 40@00;CC;0= BCA 1v@4 =L 4C300@ MA2M; CB30 T3G Bvv=893MM 184M=4 >9;3>34>E EM;1M@MM@ ?@>3@0<<400 0H83;06 1>;>E EC2LA03GCC4K3 EM;=M. <br> M3M= EC2LA03G B0=8C;0E400 Bvv=89EMM 7T2ET= 02G 1>;>E CB3CC4K3 70@;0A=00@ ?@>3@0<<G TT@89= 3MAM= H8=M T3T34;89= BT@;893 189 1>;3>6 109300 3MAM= v3 N<. <P> vv=893 C#-4 4>>@E EM;1M@MM@ 70@;0=0. 8HMM: <Pre syntax> enum Mergejil { zahiral, udirdagch, tseverlegch } </Pre> MM@ B0=8C;A0= enumaration 68HMM=4 <M@3M68; <00=L 3-= O=7K= CB30B09 1>;6 109=0. TT@ O<0@ =M3M= CB3K3 B0=8E3v9 3MAM= v3. MM@E 68HMM3 0H83;0A0= ?@>3@0<<K= EMAM3 (:;0AA) 18GL5. <Pre syntax> class EnumClass { static void Main( String[] args ) { Respond(Mergejil.zahiral); } static void Respond(Mergejil mer) { if( mer == Mergejil.zahiral ) { System.Console.WriteLine( 0E8@0; 1>;>E A09E0=? ); } else if( mer == Mergejil.udirdagch ) { System.Console.WriteLine( 0E8@0;K= 40@00E C48@40E 068; ? ); } else { System.Console.WriteLine( K>@84>@K3 A09= FM2M@;MM@M9...! ); } } } </Pre> MM@E 68HMM=4 18 Mergejiliin 02A0= CB300A =L E0@30;706 4M;3MFM=4 O=7 O=7K= <M4MM 18G86 109=0. 8HMM =L: Mergejil BT@T;BM9 mer 3MAM= EC2LA03G <00=L tseverlegch CB30B09 1>;  K>@84>@K3 A09= FM2M@;MM@M9...! 3MAM= 18G3893 v@ 4v= 1>;3>6 18G=M. <br> <A NAME="ControlStatement"></A> <P>&nbsp;</P> <h3>#48@40E <M4M34;vv4 (statement)</h3> <P> 84=89 E896 1C9 v9;4M; <00=L =M3MMA 8E 1>; vv=893 184 { } E00;B00@ E00E EM@M3BM9. =3MA=MM@ 184 M=M E00;B0= 4>B>@E 1vE v9;4M; =M3 v9;4M; <MB 02G v7=M. <br> 8HMM =L: <Pre syntax> if ( =TEFT;_1 ) v9;4M;_1 else if( =TEFT;_2 ) v9;4M;_2 else { //;>: MEM;6 109=0 v9;4M;_3 v9;4M;_4 v9;4M;_5 //1;>: 4CCA06 109=0 } </Pre> MM@E 68HMM=4 EM@M2 =TEFT;_1 v=M= 109=0 CC 3M6 H0;30=0. %M@M2 v=M= 10920; v9;4M;_1 E8934M= 40@00389= =TEF;vv4 H0;30340E3v93MM@ M=M 1;>: <00=L 4CCA=0. %M@M2 EC40; 1>; =TEFT;_2-893 H0;30E 10 M=M 185;MM3v9 v54 E00;B0=4 4>B>@E 3-= v9;4M; 1v34 E8934M= M=M 1;>: <00=L 4CCA0E 1>;=>. %M@M2 =TEFT; <00=L >;>= 1>;  if EM@M3;ME =L 600E0= BT2T3BM9 1>;6 MEM;=M. 9< B>E8>;4>;4 8EM=E4MM  switch 0H83;0403. <Pre syntax> Switch ( x ) { case 1 : y = 1; break; case 2 : y = 10; break; default : y = 100; break; } </Pre> MM@E 68HMM=4 x <00=L EM@M2 1-BM9 BM=Fvv 1>; y-389= CB30 1 1>;>E 10 2-B>9 BM=Fvv y-389= CB30 10 1>;=>. ;L 0;L =TEFT; 185;MM3v9 B>E8>;4>;4 y-389= CB30 100 1>;=>. M3 BT@;89= v9;4;893 =M3MMA >;>= C400 E89;3ME89= BC;4 184 402B0;BK= >?5@0B>@CC4K3 EM@M3;M=M. 8HMM =L  while : <Pre syntax> While( x<100) { System.Console.WriteLine(x); x+=10; } </Pre> MM@E 68HMM=4 x <00=L 100-300A 1030 109300 B>E8>;4>;4 x-89= CB30 4M;3MFM=4 EM2;M34MM4 40@00 =L 10-@ =M<M34M=M. ME <MBG8;M= x =L 100-A 8E 1>;B>; 402B0340=0 <p> ">>;CC@B09 402B0;BK= >?5@0B>@CC4= =M3 1>;>E  for 402B0;BK3 02G v7L5 <Pre syntax> for ( int x=1; x<10; x++) { System.Console.WriteLine(x); } </Pre> MM@E 68HMM=4 x-89= CB30 1-MMA ME;M= 10 Ev@BM; =M3 =M3MM@ =M<M34M6 BM@ 1>;3>=4 E00;B0= 4>B>@E {} v9;4M; 402B0340= 068;;0E 1>;=>. TT@TT@ EM;1M; M=M EMAM3 :>4K= v@ 4v= =L 4M;3MFM=4 1-10 Ev@BM; B>>3 EM2;M=M 3MAM= v3. <P>&nbsp;</P> <P align="center"><a href="#CSharp"> 4MMHMM 1CF0E</a> | <a href="#CSharpCnnCmd">ADO.NET Connection 1J5:B 10 Command 1J5:B (Visual C# .NET)</a> <br> <script language="JavaScript"> document.write('<a href="') if (top.frames.length==0) {document.write('default.htm');} else {document.write('Main.html');} document.write('">=vv@ ECC40A</a>') </script> </P> <P>&nbsp;</P> <BODY> <HTML>